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News - On the hustings

May 23rd, 2008 draugocarrera

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Mr Leslie said that by challenging the Impotence aids Party to promise to change the structures of the Assembly if they win the next general election, the DUP’s Peter Robinson was actually acknowledging the political impotence of local unionist parties.

In making this plea he is acknowledging that, when all is said and done, the only two parties in UK politics which really matter are the Conservatives and Labour - as one of them always controls the government in Westminster.

People in Northern Ireland should stop letting themselves be treated as second class citizens in the UK. We shouldn’t be restricted to NI-only parties because only by electing candidates from mainstream UK parties can we exert some real influence over government.

I, and my fellow Conservatives, have put the case for the removal of the designation system to the Conservative Leadership and they have accepted this in principle.

“Peter Robinson should understand that as part of a UK-wide party, when we issue a manifesto in Northern Ireland it has been agreed with our leadership.


Daithi McKay, Sinn Fein North Antrim candidate

Daith McKay

Mr McKay said that the behaviour of the Electoral Office is discouraging many young people from voting.

The hassle that many young people have had to go through to get on the Electoral Register is nothing short of scandalous and judging from our own party’s canvas it appears that the Electoral Office is responsible for many people unnecessarily losing their vote.

It is quite clear that numerous people, including entire families, have been taken off the Electoral Register unnecessarily or because of examples of poor impotence problem uk work.

The Electoral Office must start taking radical measures to ensure that people can register right up until an election and they must become pro-active in seeking to put new voters on the Electoral Register - not bar them from it.

I would urge young people to go out and exercise their right to vote this week, and I would also urge those young people who have lost their vote this time round to fight to secure their right to vote.


Naomi Long, Alliance East Belfast candidate

Naomi Long, Alliance Party deputy leader

Ms Long hit out at those responsible for an attempted robbery in East Belfast on Saturday night.


I am appalled by this incident.

This must have been a very distressing event for the proprietors of the shop.

The fact that a gun of some description was used in this attempted robbery is extremely disturbing.

I would appeal to anyone with information on this attempted robbery to contact police immediately, so that those involved can be brought to justice.


Kenny Donaldson, Ulster Unionist Fermanagh and South Tyrone candidate

Mr Donaldson expressed deep concern at the ‘Young Life and Times’ Survey which found that almost 30% of 16-year-olds within Northern Ireland were bullied at school within a two month period.


I am all too well aware from personal experience that bullying is a serious problem within our schools. What the bullies do not seem to understand is that their actions can have life-changing impact upon their victim.

Bullying is a problem throughout our society, whether in schools, the workplace or indeed in civic life and there are obviously multiple forms of bullying; with physical, verbal name-calling and impotence clinic
amongst the weapons used by aggressors.

Bullying policies have been found to be effective in combatting the scourge of bullying and I would call upon school boards of governors to give the issue of bullying the attention it deserves.

Bullying within sSchools isn’t confined to pupils: the Irish National Teachers Organisation has claimed there has been a 10-fold increase in the bullying of teachers in recent years and I support their call for a commitment by the Department of Education and employers to give support to teachers.

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News - Blood and batons spur Pakistan row

May 21st, 2008 draugocarrera

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Impotence samples
said the minister, Mohammed Ali Durrani, arrived just after the police and tried to intervene - but they wouldn’t listen to him.

Later in the evening Mr Durrani faced the cameras, accepting his impotence and said that all he could do was to offer an apology.

This was followed by more apologies and stronger condemnations from sitting and former parliamentarians.

Then President Pervez Musharraf himself spoke live to a Geo presenter and publicly regretted the police attack.

He promised to identify and punish the culprits “tonight”.

In the event, 14 low ranking police officials have been suspended, pending a judicial inquiry into the case.

Programme banned

If the police raid on Geo News had been an isolated incident, it could have been dismissed as a bizarre and half-witted measure gone wrong. In fact it looks more like a clear expression of state belligerence towards the media.

Pakistan president and chief justice

Mr Chaudhry (right) supported Gen Musharraf’s coup

The same channel had its high-profile discussion programme banned a day earlier. And three TV channels were briefly taken off air earlier in the week for running footage of bloody clashes between police and lawyers.

Which brings us back to how all the trouble started, the presidential move of 9 March, suspending the chief justice of the Supreme Court on charges of misconduct, the details of which are still unspecified.

The fraternity of lawyers has been protesting in all the big cities of Pakistan on a daily basis ever since against what they see as an attempt to humiliate and tame the judiciary.

Making of a hero

Until then, Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry had enjoyed a mutually satisfying relationship with the media.


Now the situation has all the marks of turning into a big political challenge for Gen Musharraf and his government

He liked taking centre stage and often delivered his verbal judgments and comments in the form of sound bites that fitted nicely in headlines.

The media liked his penchant for judicial activism on public interest and human rights issues.

Journalists were also hugely entertained by Mr Chaudhry’s habit of passing harsh comments on senior government functionaries and frequently embarrassing them publicly in his court room.

But Justice Chaudhry was no public hero. Not, that is, until the government took action against him.

In the past he was seen very much as a supporter of Gen Musharraf.

Justice Chaudhry was among the half of the Supreme Court judges who validated Gen Musharraf’s 1999 military coup against an elected government. The other judges resigned in protest.

Later, when the general held a referendum to install himself as the president of Pakistan, and the act was challenged in the Supreme Court, Justice Chaudhry was on the bench that decided in favour of the general.

These actions brought him closer to the military rather than the ordinary Pakistani, making him an unlikely champion of people’s aspirations.

Recently as chief justice, he did grab a few headlines with some decisions that have been uncomfortable for the government. But he was never seen as a threat to the legitimacy of Gen Musharraf’s rule.

Black-coats

A simple constitutional matter of referring the country’s most senior judge to be investigated by the appropriate judicial body is getting bigger, nastier, and potentially more dangerous for the present government by the day. And it would appear that it is a problem of the government’s own making.

Lawyer injured in Lahore clashes

The sight of lawyers attacked in Lahore galvanised opinion

Essentially, a few hundred lawyers in half a dozen cities was all the opposition amounted to in the beginning.

If they had been allowed to shout slogans and wave their fists in front of courts, that would probably have been the end of the matter.

But local administrations chose to pit their police forces against the protesting lawyers. Bloody scenes in Lahore last Monday unified the lawyers like never before and hardened their stance.

They have taken to the streets again on Saturday. And the police have got their batons out. Result? More blood being spilt, more publicity.

The “black-coats” as the lawyers are being affectionately called these days, have never shown this kind of unity, nor this temerity, before.

Even lawyers politically affiliated with the ruling party have refused to toe the party line.

The president’s office has had to bear the embarrassment as one prominent lawyer after another refused to represent its case against Mr Chaudhry.

Juicy material

The media has become the second thorn in the side of the government.

Ministers joined the courts in ordering the media to tone down its coverage of the Chaudhry affair. Editors were consistently threatened over this and that, but the media has so far shown remarkable resilience and foresight.

Coverage of the court proceedings against Mr Chaudhry are very limited - as directed by the Supreme Judicial Council hearing the case. The hearings are being held behind closed doors, which does not help the media.

But the continued clashes between lawyers and female impotence agencies, and the various government impotence in woman on the issue, are supplying enough juicy material to fill reams of newsprint and are just what 24 hours news channels want.

The police attack on Geo TV in particular, has been luring the ordinary citizen in to take a close interest in the story.

Playing politics

So what then of the opposition political parties?

The alliance of Islamic parties, the MMA was the first to seize the opportunity. Joined later by Muslim League (Nawaz), and a number of other smaller parties, the MMA has spearheaded the impotence vitamins
of ordinary citizens in what the government is at pains to describe as a purely constitutional matter.

The Pakistan Peoples Party has been the slowest to react, giving credence to rumours that its leader, Benazir Bhutto, is in the process of cutting some kind of deal with Gen Musharraf that would allow her to return to the country.

So, the argument goes, the PPP doesn’t want to jeopardise that deal by openly supporting the lawyers.

The PPP finally joined in the protests on 16th March when it seemed clear that the lawyers’ movement was gaining strength and the government was unable to contain it.

So now the situation has all the marks of turning into a big political challenge for Gen Musharraf and his government.

But no one in Pakistan underestimates the brute power and guile of the military.

So quite how this confrontation will turn out is anybody’s guess.

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News - UN’s 30-year quest for Lebanon peace

May 20th, 2008 draugocarrera

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Unifil is the UN’s interim force in Lebanon. Ironic, when you bear in mind that it has been there for almost 30 years.

In the Middle East, very little is ever interim. The problems have a way of persisting.

Qana is a town of memorials. The largest, a collection of tomb-like slabs, marks the spot where more than 100 civilians were killed by Israeli shell fire 11 years ago.

But next to it stands a monument to dozens of Fijian how to overcome impotence killed on Unifil duty.

It is not the only cenotaph of its kind in southern Lebanon. More than 250 UN peacekeepers have died since 1978.

It is humbling to be reminded that soldiers have come here from all corners of the globe in a prolonged attempt to bring order to southern Lebanon.

When I accompanied a patrol close to the Israeli border, I learned that Ghana was among the first countries to send troops and that practically everyone in the Ghanaian army has served in Lebanon at one time or another.

And what for? How has this interim force actually improved the lives of the Lebanese?

When you survey the wreckage of past wars, you do find yourself wondering why these dedicated men and women came here, why they laid down their lives.

Sometimes, it seems to be Unifil’s unfortunate fate merely to be stuck in the middle, unable to stop the periodic upheavals that have punctuated life here.

Bombed outpost

UN concrete building. U of United still upright. The N of nations lying on its side.

The UN’s observation post has been partially demolished in Khiam

Nowhere is this more impotence problem illustrated than at Khiam, over to the east.

Four unarmed observers - from Finland, Canada, Austria and China - were killed when the UN’s observation post was bombed to smithereens by Israel at the height of last summer’s fighting.

Israel apologised, saying it was a mistake, but eight months on, UN personnel barely conceal their contempt.

Our obliging Italian helicopter pilot made several passes for us. As we circled low, I saw where a section of the outposts’ concrete blast walls, whitewashed in typical UN style, stood partially demolished: the U of United still upright, the N of nations lying on its side.

A few days later, we drove to the site. Personal effects lie scattered in the wreckage which, for some reason, has yet to be cleared away. A book about Helsinki’s cultural attractions, a box of Chinese tea, a novel in German.

Broken fragments of the UN’s blue and white logo have been propped up by the front gate.

The whole devastated, eerie site stands as an eloquent symbol of the international community’s frequent impotence in the face of conflict.

Getting on with the job

The UN is acutely aware of its reputation and knows that should Israel and Hezbollah decide to go at it again, there is little Unifil will be able to do to stop them.

But for the moment, despite the oft-heard sentiment that war is bound to break out again this summer, this seems a remote prospect. Neither side has the appetite for a fight, at least for now.

UN's blue and white logo lies broken by the gate

Fragments of the UN’s blue and white logo lie by the front gate

And so Unifil gets on with its job - reinstalling markers along the so-called Blue Line, indicating the approximate position of the Israeli-Lebanese border, getting rid of unexploded weaponry, helping, through what the military like to call “quick impact projects”, to repair bits of Lebanon’s infrastructure, and patrolling, lots and lots of patrolling.

In the warm spring sunshine, carpets of flowers waving in the breeze on the rocky slopes, the pungent smell of orange blossom overpowering among the citrus groves, it all seems idyllic enough. And, for the most part, all is quiet.

But in towns which still bear the scars of last summer’s fighting, there are sullen, cold looks from young men, Hezbollah fighters - or at least supporters - who resent the fact that for the first time in years, the organisation is having to keep the lowest of low profiles, a result of August’s UN resolution and the subsequent ceasefire.

Hearts and minds

Soldiers teaching yoga

Soldiers from the Punjab Regiment teach yoga at a primary school

No-one can doubt Unifil’s commitment.

Some of its contingents have, over the years, found novel ways to win hearts and minds - running free medical clinics, organising computer classes, reaching out to the local population.

In the Druze village of Faradis, young men from the 1st Battalion, the Punjab Regiment, are teaching yoga at a primary school - a bizarre spectacle, but the kids clearly love it and the impotence pain prostate is treat for erectile dysfunction
.

After last summer’s war, she told me, the children were tense and fearful. Now, thanks to these Indian soldiers, they are happier, better able to concentrate in class.

But all the while, on either side, armies are getting ready for the next round - Israel shoring up its defences, Hezbollah preparing new positions just outside Unifil’s area of responsibility.

It will not happen this year, or even next year, but few doubt that without some significant change in the dynamics of the region, it will happen again at some point in the future. And when it does, the UN’s interim force will find itself, once again, a bystander.

From Our Own Correspondent was broadcast on Saturday, 14 April, 2007 at 1130 GMT on BBC Radio 4. Please check the programme schedules for World Service transmission times.

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News - Prozac

May 19th, 2008 draugocarrera

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Until the advent of the impotence treatment Viagra, the erectile dysfunction natural treatment
drug Prozac was probably the most high profile new treatment to be launched in a generation.

It was initially hailed as a miracle cure, but became a victim of its own success as patients who were not clinically depressed demanded the drug as a “quick fix” for their personal problems.


There are concerns that the drug is addictive and that in some cases it can lead to thoughts of suicide. But despite the controversy surrounding Prozac it has become the first-line treatment for most patients exhibiting the signs of major depression.

More than 35 million people worldwide have been prescribed Prozac - including more than 500,000 in UK alone - since its launch in 1989.


What is prozac?


Prozac (fluoxetine) is one drug in a family of antidepressants called selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Other drugs in this family are Lustral (sertraline), Seroxat (paroxetine), and Faverin (fluvoxamine). There are also other families of medications that are antidepressants.


SSRIs make serotonin more available in the brain. Serotonin is a chemical that affects mood.


SSRIs have potential benefits:

  • People who take SSRIs usually need just one dose per day.

  • SSRIs are safer to take with other drugs and pose less risk in overdose.


How effective is Prozac?


All the drugs commonly prescribed for depression are roughly equal in effectiveness. This often surprises people who assume that Prozac is best.


On average, antidepressants seem to help 60% to 80% of the people who take them.


This is true both of the atenolol impotence drugs such as tricyclics such as Elavil (impotence vitamins
), as well as the newer drugs such as SSRIs.


Many people combine Prozac with psychotherapy.



Are there side effects?


There is evidence to suggest that taking Prozac may trigger suicidal thoughts in some people.

In England, the Department of Health has recommended that Prozac should be the only drug of its type prescribed to patients under 18.

However, an analysis by the US Food and Drug Impotence vacuum therapy
concluded that the drug posed a similar risk to young people as other SSRIs.

The FDA recommended the drug should carry the strongest possible warning that it could cause children to harm themselves.

Eli Lilly, the makers of Prozac, argued that in no case studied by the FDA did Prozac actually lead to a suicide, and that depressed people were probably prone to suicidal thoughts regardless of what medication they took.

They also warned that the risk of not treating depressed young people at all was probably greater than any risk posed by taking their product.

Other side effects can include:

  • Nausea;

  • Headaches;
  • Diarrhoea;
  • Insomnia;
  • Sexual difficulties, such as delayed orgasm.


Does Prozac transform personality?


Psychiatrist Peter Kramer, in his best-selling book Listening to Prozac, claimed that the drug could be use to alter personality traits like shyness and lack of confidence.


However, there is scientific evidence to suggest that claims that Prozac can transform personality are exaggerated.


People may become more gregarious and easy going when taking the drug, but this can be attributed to recovery from depression, rather than any magical properties of Prozac itself.


This page contains basic information. If you are concerned about your health, you should consult a doctor.

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News - African papers condemn Liberia delays

May 18th, 2008 draugocarrera

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With the death toll rising rapidly in the battle between the Liberian Government and rebels for control of Monrovia, the African press is unimpressed with the pace of efforts to bring an end to the conflict.

“To the dealing with impotence discredit, Africa has reacted to the crisis with the customary speed of a snail,” South Africa’s Business Day comments.

“Instead of finding solutions, our leaders are bogged down in issues of process.

“In the Liberia case, Africa should be exhorting the leaders of west Africa to use their influences and leverage to prevent further violence by controlling their borders and not allowing the flow of weapons into the country.”

Impotence

Senegal’s Le Soleil agrees. “It is as if the international community, but also the African community, were admitting their impotence and waiting for chaos in Liberia before they act,” it laments.



Taylor wants to stay to the bitter end


Fraternite Matin, Ivory Coast

It might appear difficult to interfere in a country’s internal affairs, the paper reasons, “but between that and remaining passive observers of this tragedy, there are steps which could and should have been taken.”

But Nigeria’s Guardian is unhappy about that country’s continued involvement in Liberian affairs.

“Two steps taken recently indicate erectile dysfunction herbals
that Nigeria is once again spearheading a potentially costly initiative supposedly to bring peace to activity education health
Liberia,” it writes.

“The earlier intervention from 1990 to 1997,” it reminds readers, “was a fiasco that resulted in huge losses in human and material terms.


“Nigeria should explore other ways in conjunction with Ecowas and other interested parties to bring peace to Liberia. Nigeria’s human and material sacrifices are enough already”, the paper says.

Taylor’s refuge

The Guardian is incensed by President Olusegun Obasanjo’s offer of asylum in Nigeria to beleaguered Liberian President Charles Taylor.

“Nigeria already has enough international problems to grapple with,” the paper says. “These should not be compounded by providing a roof for Taylor.”

Fraternite Matin in the Ivory Coast is also no fan of President Taylor.



What Africa needs is not endless aid but respect


Monitor, Uganda

“Taylor wants to stay to the bitter end. In spite of the war which is raging in Monrovia. In spite of the hospitality offered him by Obasanjo,” it says.

“The old warrior is clinging on, leaving behind him a field of ruins,” the paper says, adding that the consequences for the Liberian economy and people matter little to him: President Taylor wants to “cling on to power at any cost”.

Cri du coeur

Further afield, Uganda’s Monitor is not inclined to dwell on African impotence treatment
.

“What Africa needs is not endless aid, but respect,” the paper says, “and an end to US- and European-sponsored conflicts that have ruined our various economies.”

The conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Angola have “all been sponsored and nurtured by these so-called democrats”.

“The oil struggles in Sudan and in the Horn of Africa are all foreign-sponsored. We want all these conflicts ended.”

BBC Monitoring, based in Caversham in southern England, selects and translates information from radio, television, press, news agencies and the internet from 150 countries in more than 70 languages.

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News - Dangers of buying drugs on the net

May 17th, 2008 draugocarrera

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All it takes is a credit card in one hand, a mouse in the other and a few choice words on an internet search engine.

With those simple steps, you will be ready to take your pick from thousands of powerful medicines.

Treatments for acne, cancer, impotence and heart disease. Drugs that are generally only available with a prescription.

However, the advent of the internet and its hundreds if not thousands of e-pharmacies means that is no longer always the case.

While the internet is home to many legitimate pharmacies, it is also home to a growing number of pharmacies that operate illegally selling drugs to anyone willing to pay for them.

Some of the drugs on offer
Abolon, an anabolic steroid

Clozapine, an antipsychotic

Evista for osteoporosis

Hyzaar for high blood pressure

Prozac for depression

Ritalin for hyperactivity

Tamoxifen for breast cancer

Viagra for impotence

A quick internet search unearths countless sites offering unlimited supplies of drugs without a prescription.

They ask only for credit card details and for customers to wait “between 10 and 21 days”.

Some even provide customers with an A to Z of the hundreds of medicines on offer.

These range from Abolon, an anabolic steroid, to Zyprexa for schizophrenia.

A growing market

A survey by the UK’s National Audit Office earlier this year suggested as many as 600,000 Britons have bought prescription medicines over the internet.

In the United States, an estimated one million people buy their medication in this way.

There are no accurate figures on how many people buy these medicines over the net without a prescription.

But with more sites appearing every week, it would be fair to suspect that it is a growing market.

Doctors are becoming increasingly concerned.

“There are potentially very serious risks of getting medication over the internet,” says Dr George Rae of the British Medical Association.

“All drugs have potential side-effects. There is also serious problems if you take medication on top of anything else.

“Buying medicines over the internet also means there is no assurance about quality. It is inherently dangerous.”

This week, the mother of a 24-year-old man who killed himself after buying drugs online urged the British government to tackle the problem.

At one point, Liam Brackell was receiving 300 erectile dysfunction therapy
tablets in the post every day. By the time of his death, he had tried 23 different types of prescription drugs.

International crackdown

Governments and cialis and impotence
agencies are trying to shut down rogue e-pharmacies. However, they appear to be fighting a losing battle.

In the UK, anyone found guilty of selling such drugs can face an unlimited fine and up to two years in prison.



You do not need a prescription to by (sic) our products


e-pharmacy

To date, there have been just three successful cause healthcomplications.com impotence against people running UK-based e-pharmacies, which did not operate within the law.

The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency has managed to have seven websites shut down over the past few years.

However, it receives between 10 and 15 reports of unlawful operators every month and websites start up as quickly as they close.

Customs and Excise officials can seize controlled medicines that are sent through the post without proper documentation.

They can also seize medicines that are not described accurately.

“If we do find them, we seize them,” says a spokeswoman. “But they are among thousands of packages coming through everyday.”

The problem is an international one and governments have started to work together to try to tackle it.

“Other countries are also concerned about the risk to public health,” says a spokesman from the UK’s Department of Health.

“We work closely with other regulatory authorities in the EU and the US.”

Industry concern

The pharmaceutical industry says it is concerned but powerless.

“These are prescription medicines and they are prescription medicines for a reason,” says a spokeswoman for the Association of the British Impotence pump Industry.



People should not be taking these medicines without medical advice


ABPI spokeswoman

“People should not be taking these medicines without medical advice,” she says.

“We are working with the regulatory authorities and we are happy to do anything we can to help. But really there isn’t very much we can do.”

The fact remains, the internet and e-pharmacies are to a large extent a law onto themselves.

Websites that operate in countries with tight rules can be shut down.

However, others are more than happy to base themselves elsewhere, in countries without such laws.

One website informs potential customers that they do not need a prescription because they ship from countries where they are not required under the law.

The logistics suggest that even a concerted international effort will ultimately fail.

“This is not just about the UK. It is international. It is worldwide,” says Dr Rae.

“Bringing this under control may be difficult if not impossible”

He suggests that educating patients could be one way of tackling the issue.

“We need to get the message across that this is potentially very dangerous. We need to educate patients.

“The implications of buying medicines over the internet are potentially profound.”

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EU gets graphic in anti-smoking battle

May 16th, 2008 draugocarrera

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According to the latest figures, one in three Europeans smokes, but the percentage of smokers is higher in the youngest age groups.

Latest statistics also show that lung cancer is the most common type of cancer among European men.

In an effort to find new ways to shock smokers out of the habit, the EU will be setting a database of graphic pictures illustrating the dangers of smoking. From 1 October next year, European countries will be able - though not obliged - to use some of those images on cigarette packs.

Precedents

Brazil and Canada have already started to use graphic warnings against smoking, and Singapore may follow suit next year.

The pictures used in Canada include horrendous images of rotten teeth and gums, diseased lungs, but also indirect or ironic warnings.

An image of two children is captioned “don't poison us” while the warning “tobacco use can make you impotent” is accompanied by a suggestive picture of drooping ash on a burning cigarette.

Thorsten Muench, a spokesman for the European Commission, says a picture paints a thousand words.

“It's not impotence drug a measure which will help the die-hard smokers to quit smoking, even if it's also foreseen to have quit-line numbers on the photo health warnings,” he says.

“The main focus is really to stop people starting the habit in the first place and there are a lot of international studies which show that there is a certain treatment for diabetic impotence of this measure.

“It's not the only measure, but it's one way to have less smokers in the first place.”

Belgian measures

The European Commissioner for health David Byrne, who is a staunch non-smoker, said the EU had to find innovative ways to illustrate the shocking truth that half of all smokers would be killed by their habit.

Husband and pregnant wife smoking
Byrne says many people do not understand the magnitude of the risk

Mr Byrne has been actively mental health treatment planning
against tobacco treat impotence and sponsorship for the last four years.

His native Ireland is due to become the first country in the EU to introduce a controversial ban on smoking in pubs and restaurants.

Belgium is also planning to ban the sale of tobacco to under-16s and to outlaw smoking on school grounds, both by students and teachers.

Belgium - where twice as many young people smoke than they did last year - may also be among the first countries to use graphic warnings and to print free phone numbers on cigarette packs which smokers could use to get advice about stopping smoking.

And from 1 May next year, on the same day that 10 more countries join the EU, smoking will also be banned at the European Commission in Brussels.

Detailed warnings

But as early as the end of this month, health warnings on cigarette packs will be enlarged everywhere in the EU (covering at least 30% of the front and at least 40% of the back of the pack).

The new recommended texts won't just say that “tobacco is bad for you”, but will include more detailed warnings, such as: “Smoking can cause a slow and painful death” or simply “smokers die younger”.

Men will be told that “smoking may reduce the blood flow and causes impotence”, while women will be warned that “smoking when pregnant harms your baby” and “causes ageing of the skin”.

EU health commissioner David Byrne believes many people still smoke because they do not fully understand the magnitude of the risks posed by tobacco.

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Scientists discover stroke gene

May 15th, 2008 draugocarrera

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A gene which may increase the risk of stroke has been uncovered by Iceland-based researchers.

The discovery could prompt the discovery of drug treatments to help those at highest risk.

This protein it produces plays a role in the growth of blood vessels. but too much of it may increase stroke risk.

Writing in the journal Nature Genetics, the scientists said people with certain forms of a gene called PDE4D may be most at risk.

Proteins from a similar “family”, called phosphodiesterase (PDE), are linked to other illnesses, such as asthma, inflammation and even erectile dysfunction.

This suggests that it may be possible to develop a drug to block the effects of the gene - the breakthrough impotence drug Viagra already works by targeting another member of the PDE family.

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and colleagues at a company called deCode Genetics in Reykjavik believe this gene is associated with an increased risk of stroke.

They carried out DNA tests on over 1,700 people in Iceland, half of whom had suffered strokes.

The Icelandic population is generally regarded as the best testing ground for geneticists.

This is because the gene pool is relatively pure. Unlike most other countries, there has been little immigration since the first Vikings arrived almost 1,000 years ago.

Scientists working on this latest study say they have identified genetic erectile dysfunction devices
between those people who have had strokes and those who have not.

These differences centre on the gene PDE4D, located on chromosome 5.

They have found that three different isoforms of the gene were expressed at lower levels in people who had strokes.

Isoforms are groups of proteins that are produced by a gene.

They also found different impotence drug medication
of genes in regions of chromosome 5 flanking the PDE4D gene in people who had strokes.

It is already known that this gene provides the coding which enables a protein called a phosphodiesterase to work.

Stroke risk

But the Icelandic scientists believe that too much of it may increase the risks of atherosclerosis - furring up of the arteries.

This causes the arteries to narrow, which can trigger a stroke.

“We propose that PDE4D is involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, possibly through atherosclerosis, which is the primary pathological process underlying ischemic stroke,” the scientists said.

They believe that blocking the protein in people with these potentially problematic forms of the PDE4D gene could protect them against stroke.

There are already drugs available to do this. These so-called phosphodiesterase inhibitors are used to treat asthma, inflammation and erectile dysfunction, with Viagra probably the best known.

However, much further study is needed before these drugs could be used to treat people who may have a high risk of having a stroke.

Viagra, for one, has potentially serious side effects if taken by men with underlying health problems.

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